Apparatus for carburetion



Oct. 31, 1961 R. A. GREENE APPARATUS FOR CARBURETION 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Sept. 22, 1958 INVENTOR. ROBERTA. GREENE BY mu-Qkwl, g; {M

ATTdRNEKS Oct. 31, 1961 R. A. GREENE APPARATUS FOR CARBURETION 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 22, 1958 $5210 ROBERTA. 22 23? ATTORNEYS United States Patent 3,006,619 APPARATUS FOR CARBURETION Robert A. Greene, Daytona Beach, Fla. Filed Sept. 22, 1958, Ser. No. 762,369

14 Claims. (Cl. 261--41) This invention relates to carburetors and in particular to an improved arrangement of the jets in the carburetor and their relationship to the diaphragm.

In the usual type carburetor there is provided one or more gasoline jets having a fixed location and past which jets the air is drawn as the engine pertaining to the carburetor operates with the air flow being controlled by a valve in the air passage. Such carburetors are usually satisfactory but are lacking in the provision :of any arrangement for varying the richness of the mixture to meet changing conditions and generally are so arranged that the mixture tends to lean out at higher speeds of operation.

The present invention provides a carburetor arrangement of novel structure in which these disadvantages of conventional carburetors are eliminated. Specifically, the present invention provides a carburetor having a diaphragm type air intake control with adjustable jets that can be employed to vary the richness of the mixture.

The carburetor of the present invention is relatively simple in structure and has the advantage of being applicable in substantially any situation because of the wide range of adjustability thereof.

The exact nature of the present invention will be more clearly understood upon reference to the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a vertical sectional view through a carburetor constructed according to my invention,

FIGURE 2 is a vertical section indicated by line 22 on FIGURE 1 showing a mechanism for adjusting the carburetor jets,

FIGURE 3 is an elevational view showing the adjusting lever for the diaphragm of the carburetor and the jets on the outside of the carburetor,

FIGURE 4 is a perspective view showing the jet adjusting mechanism,

FIGURE 5 is a plan sectional view indicated by line 5-5 on FIGURE 1,

FIGURE 6 is a plan sectional view indicated by line 66 on FIGURE 1,

FIGURE 7 is a vertical sectional view indicated by line 77 on FIGURE 3,

FIGURE 8 is a plan sectional view showing the jets as indicated by line 88 on FIGURE 1,

FIGURE 9 is a plan sectional view showing the iris diaphragm of the present invention and is indicated by line 9-9 on FIGURE 1,

FIGURE 10 is a fragmentary view showing a manner in which the jets are closed by the diaphragm when the jets are completely up,

FIGURE 11 is a view similar to FIGURE 10 but showing an arrangement wherein the iris diaphragm is supported by a spring so that it will move downwardly into sealing engagement with jets therebeneath, and

FIGURE 12 is a perspective view similar to FIGURE 4 but showing a difierent mechanism for adjusting the jets.

Referring to the drawings more in detail, FIGURE 1 shows a vertical section through a carburetor according to my invention, and in FIGURE 1 the lower end of the carburetor is attached to manifold 10 through which the fuel gases pass to the cylinders. The upper end of the carburetor has attached thereto a conventional air cleaner 12 which removes dust and foreign particles from the air drawn into the carburetor.

Between air cleaner 12 and manifold 10 the carburetor consists of a vertical tubular portion 14 and adjacent the air cleaner 12 is an iris type diaphragm 16 which is adjustable for varying the air inlet opening thereby to contnol the amount of fuel supplied to the engine thereby regulating the engine speed. The iris type diaphragm is adjustable to any position by a lever 18 fixed to a shaft 20 and adapted for actuation by a linkage 22 leading to the engine accelerator. The particular construction of the iris type diaphragm is not disclosed but it will be understood that it could be of substantially any conventional type, as, for example, the type illustrated in the Gamble Patent 2,735 664, or in the Ash Patent 793,498.

Immediately beneath diaphragm 16 is a jet assembly 24 which comprises a vertically extending center tube 26 and laterally extending jet supporting tubes 28 at the upper end of tube 26.. Diagonally extending tubes 30 are also provided which support the outer ends of tubes 28 and which also provide a flow path for fuel to the outer ends of tubes '28 so that these tubes will be adequately supplied with fuel throughout their entire lengths due to the supply to both ends thereof.

Tube 26 at its lower end is sealed by seal 32 to a stationary tube 34 within which tube 26 is vertically slidable. Spring 36 urges tube 26 upwardly so that it will normally engage the bottom of diaphragm 16 so that the jets are closed off.

Tube 34 has attached to the bottom thereof a conduit 38 that leads to the bottom chamber 40 which is supplied with raw fuel from a fuel line 42. The connection of line 42 with chamber 40 is controlled by a valve 44 that is under the influence of float 46, according to well known practices, so that the fuel level in chamber 40 is maintained substantially constant at all time.

The aforementioned tubes 28 which have been referred to as jet supporting tubes have mounted on their upper sides a plurality of jets 48 which are distributed therein as indicated in FIGURE 8 so that as the iris diaphragm 16 opens the jets will be successively uncovered and subjected to the air stream being drawn through the opening in the diaphragm. In FIGURE 8 it will be noted that there is a jet 48 in the center on the axis of tube 26 and that the other jets distributed along tubes 28 will be progressively uncovered as the diaphragm opens, as in dicated by the dot-dash circles which show various diaphragm openings between the diaphragm closed and diaphragm open positions.

A feature of the present invention resides in the vertical adjustability of the jet assembly '24. This jet assembly is movable downwardly in order to bring the jets closer to the level of the fuel in chamber 40 so as to increase the amount of fuel drawn from the jets under predetermined air flow conditions downwardly through member 14. This is important in that it enables the mixture being delivered to the engine to be varied between predetermined thin and rich conditions thereby the engine can be efficiently operated when it is cold and also whereby the mixture will be made richer as engine speed increases and under which conditions the usual carburetor arrangement permits some leaning out of the mixture to the detriment of engine performance.

The vertical adjustability of the jet assembly is under the control of the diaphragm adjusting mechanism that is actuated by the engine accelerator and is also under the control of a mechanism which enriches the mixture and, thus, serves somewhat the same purpose as a choke mechanism.

As to the adjustment of the jet assembly by the accelerator mechanism, shaft 20 is journaled in the carburetor as at 50 and has an offset end part 52 to which is connected a link 54 extending downwardly therefrom and attached to a bifurcated arm 56 pivoted to the side wall of the carburetor at 58. The other end of the arm 56 engages a collar 60 which is slidable on tube 26.

Collar 60 at a predetermined point in its movement downwardly along tube 26 as the iris diaphragm is opened by rotation of shaft 20, engages a second collar 62 that is fixed to tube 26 and following such. engagement between the collars, further movement downwardly of collar 60 will cause downward movement of the jet assembly thereby increasing the amount of fuel drawn through the jets by the air stream being drawn downwardly through the carburetor.

It will be understood that the spacing of collars 60 and 62 could be adjusted to cause engagement therebetween atrany desired point during the travel of collar 60, and in certain cases it may be desired for these collars to be in engagement at the time the diaphragm is completely closed, and under other circumstances it may be preferable for collar 60 to have a predetermined amount of travel before it engages collar 62. In any event, during the movement of the diaphragm from closed to open position, there will be an accompanying downward movement of the jet assembly. It has been mentioned previously that the jet assembly is also under the control of the choke adjustment and this is accomplished by connecting the choke adjustment with a lever 70 attached to a shaft 72' that has an ofiset end part 74 and between which end part and collar 62 there is connected the link 76. One or both ends of link 76 is provided with slots 78 so that for any adjusted position of shaft 72, the collar 62 and the jet assembly will be free to slide downwardly when collar 62 is engaged by collar 60. This arrangement permits adjustment of the carburetor for starting under cold weather conditions by moving the jet assembly downwardly a predetermined distance thereby to increase the fuel flow from the jets while at the same time the jet assembly will still be under the control of the throttle mechanism after the engine speed reaches a predetermined amount.

Other mechanisms can be employed for adjusting the jet assembly so that it is under the joint control of the accelerator and choke. Such a modification is illustrated in FIGURE 12 wherein pins 80 extend outwardly from jet assembly 82 and are engaged by the hooked arms 84 that is attached to shaft 86 pertaining to the accelerator, and 88 connected with shaft 90 pertaining to the choke. This arrangement also permits either of the choke or accelerator to move the jet assembly downwardly while the other thereof will also be effective.

The jets 48 are normally closed by the diaphragm when in their uppermost position as indicated in FIGURE and to increase the sealing effect the jets may be made of resilient material such as rubber or a rubberlike plastic, if so desired. Silicone rubber or Teflon would be suitable for this purpose since both are resistant to high temperatures and are resilient and abrasion resistant.

As a further modification, the iris diaphragm may be yieldingly supported as in FIGURE 11. In FIGURE 11 the iris diaphragm 92 is supported by a spring 94 so that the diaphragm can yield downwardly under the influence of the unbalanced pressure thereon when the engine is running "so as to seat against jets 96 except when these jets are moved a substantial distance downwardly below the diaphragm.

Even when the diaphragm isnot engaged with the jets, the jets that will be elfecti-ve will be the ones located in a the air stream passing through the iris diaphragm. Fuel will be supplied through these jets due to the suction created by the movement of air through the carburetor while the jets disposed outwardly beyond the edge of the diaphragm opening will be substantially ineffective for supplying fuel to the air stream.

From the foregoing it will be appreciated'that my invention provides a carburetor and a method of carburetion that 'will' provide additional and proportionate streams of gasoline or a like fuel through a plurality of jets that are made successively effective in a predetermined ratio to the degree of openingof the throttle mechanism which, in the particular arrangement, illustrated, comprises an iris diaphragm air control.

According to my invention an exact ratio of air to gas is maintained for every position of the throttle and this leads to improved engine efiiciency. In addition, the richness ratio can be adjusted to any predetermined setting and is also increased for increased throttle openings thereby to offset the tendency of the mixture to lean out under rapid air flow conditions through the carburetor at high engine speeds.

The usual automatic choke mechanism now employed with conventional type carburetors can be eliminated and likewise the usual manual choke arrangement that tends to increase the suction at the jets can be eliminated, this also tending toward increasing the operating efiiciency of the carburetor and engine.

It will be understood that this invention is susceptible to modification in order to adapt it to dilferent usages and conditions and, accordingly, it is desired to comprehend such modifications within this invention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a plurality of fuel supply jets in distributed relation in said air passage, first means operable for moving said jets vertically in the air passage thereby to vary the rate of fuel flow through the jets, second means adjacent the supply jets for varying the effective area of said air passage, and said first and second means being interconnected for simultaneous movement during at least a part of the respective movements thereof.

2. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, air fiow control means in said passage adjustable in area, jets in the passage in distributed relation adjacent said flow control means adapted for supplying fuel to the air stream, and means for moving said jets vertically in the air passage thereby to vary the amount of fuel supplied to the air, said means being operable simultaneously for adjusting said air flow control means.

3. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a valve in the air passage for regulating the amount of air flow therethrough and means for moving said valve, a multiple jet assembly in the air passage adjacent said valve, and means for moving said jet assembly along the axis of said air passage simultaneously with the movement of said valve during at least a portion of the movement of the valve.

4. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, an iris type diaphragm in the air passage adjustable between closed and open positions, a multiple jet assembly in the air passage adjacent the diaphragm, and means connecting the jet assembly with the adjusting means for the diaphragm so that opening movement of the diaphragm will be accompanied by downward movement of the jet assembly during at least a portion of the opening movement of the diaphragm.

5. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, an iris type diaphragm in the air passage adjustable between closed and open positions, a jet assembly in the air passage beneath the diaphragm, said jet assembly comprising a plurality of circumferentially and radially distributed jets, and said jets being arranged in a spiral path so that during opening movement of the diaphragm the jets become successively exposed to the air stream through the air passage and thus effective for supplying fuel to the air stream.

6. In a carburetor; a jet assembly for supplying fuel to an air stream, a float controlled chamber connected with the jet assembly for supplying fuel thereto, an accelerator linkage, a second linkage; and means abuttingly connecting both said linkages with the jet assembly for downward movement of the jet assembly by either thereof independent of the other whereby to increase the flow of fuel through the jet assembly under any given conditions of air flow through the carburetor.

7. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, an iris type diaphragm in the air passage, a jet assembly immediately beneath the diaphragm and resiliently urged upwardly toward the bottom of the diaphragm, a plurality of jets on the upper end of the jet assembly arranged in a spiral path so as to be exposed successively as the diaphragm opens, a linkage connected With the diaphragm for moving it between its open and closed position, there being one-way drive means connecting said linkage with the jet assembly operable to move the jet assembly downwardly as the diaphragm opens thereby to increase the richness of the fuel-air mixture developed in the carburetor.

8. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, an iris type diaphra m in the air passage, a jet assembly immediately beneath the diaphragm and resiliently urged upwardly toward the bottom of the diaphragm, a plurality of jets on the upper end of the jet assembly arranged in a spiral path so as to be exposed successively as the diaphragm opens, a linkage connected with the diaphragm for moving it between its Open and closed position, there being one-way drive means connecting said linkage with the jet assembly operable to move the jet assembly downwardly as the diaphragm opens thereby to increase the richness of the fuel-air mixture developed in the carburetor, and a second linkage also connected with the jet assembly operable for selectively adjusting the jet assembly downwardly independently of the accelerator linkage.

9. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a jet assembly in the air passage for vertical movement therein, said jet assembly comprising a vertical tube on the axis of the air passage, tubes extending radially from the upper end of the first mentioned tube, jets distributed along the tops of the radially extending tubes, an air control valve in the said air passage, and means interconmeeting the control valve with the jet assembly operable for moving the jet assembly vertically in the air passage as the valve opens and closes.

10. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a jet assembly in the air passage for vertical movement therein, said jet assembly comprising a vertical tube on the axis of the air passage, tubes extending radially from the upper end of the first mentioned tube, jets disributed along the tops of the radially extending tubes, an air flow control valve in said air passage, and means connecting the jet assembly with said valve operable for moving the jet assembly vertically in the air passage as the valve opens and closes, there also being diagonally extending tube means extending from the outer ends of the radially extending tubes downwardly to the vertically extending tube so that fuel will be supplied to both ends of the radially extending tubes.

11. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a jet assembly in the air passage, said jet assembly comprising a vertical supply tube and jet supporting tubes extending radially from the upper end of the vertical tube, a plurality of jets in each radial tube distributed therealong, the jets in each radial tube being radially displaced trom the jets in the others of the tubes, and an iris type diaphragm in the air passage operable to uncover said jets sequentially as the diaphragm opens.

12. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a jet assembly in the air passage, said jet assembly comprising a vertical central tube and radial jet supporting tubes at the upper end in communication therewith, an iris type diaphragm above the jet assembly, a first collar on the vertical tube, a choke mechanism connected with the first collar for moving the jet assembly downwardly, a spring urging the jet assembly upwardly, a second collar slidable on the vertical tube above the first collar, means connecting the second collar with the diaphragm for movement downwardly as the diaphragm opens, and the connection of the first collar with the said linkage comprising lost motion whereby the assembly can be adjusted downwardly by movement of the second collar.

13. hi a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a jet assembly in the air passage comprising a vertical tube, pins extending from the tube, spring means urging the jet assembly upwardly, a pair of shafts, one rotatable by the accelerator linkage of the carburetor and the other rotatable independently of the accelerator linkage, and each shaft having an arm fixed thereto engaging the tops of the pins for vertical adjustment of the jet assembly by the rotation of either said shaft.

14. In a carburetor; means forming a vertical air passage, a jet assembly in the air passage comprising a plurality of circumferentially and radially distributed jets at the upper end in a horizontal plane, an iris type diaphragm also lying in a horizontal plane at the upper end of the jet assembly, and means resiliently supporting the diaphragm so that it can move downwardly against the jets when air is passing through the diaphragm and the flow is restricted by the diaphragm.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 793,498 Ash June 27, 1905 1,322,560 Grace Nov. 25, 1919 1,586,601 Booty June 21, 1926 1,845,668 Keil Feb. 16, 1932 2,573,093 Burson Oct. 30, 1951 2,715,020 Russell Aug. 9, 1955 2,841,374 Raynor July 1, 1958 

